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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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malaysia.3
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Government
Long-form name: none.
Type: Federation of Malaysia formed 9 July 1963; constitutional
monarchy nominally headed by the paramount ruler (king)
and a bicameral Parliament composed of a 58-member Senate
and a 177-member House of Representatives; Peninsular Malaysian
states--hereditary rulers in all but Penang and Melaka,
where governors are appointed by Malaysian Government; powers
of state governments are limited by federal Constitution;
Sabah--self-governing state, holds 20 seats in House of
Representatives, with foreign affairs, defense, internal
security, and other powers delegated to federal government;
Sarawak--self-governing state within Malaysia, holds 24
seats in House of Representatives, with foreign affairs,
defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to
federal government.
Capital: Kuala Lumpur.
Administrative divisions: 13 states (negeri-negeri, singular--
negeri) and 2 federal territories* (wilayah-wilayah persekutuan,
singular--wilayah persekutuan); Johor, Kedah, Kelantan,
Labuan*, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis,
Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu, Wilayah
Persekutuan*.
Independence: 31 August 1957 (from UK).
Constitution: 31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963
when Federation of Malaya became Federation of Malaysia.
Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review
of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme
head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction.
National holiday: National Day, 31 August (1957).
Executive branch: paramount ruler, deputy paramount ruler,
prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet.
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlimen) consists
of an upper house or Senate (Dewan Negara) and a lower house
or House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat).
Judicial branch: Supreme Court.
Leaders:
Chief of State--Paramount Ruler AZLAN Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Sultan
Yusof Izzudin (since 26 April 1989); Deputy Paramount Ruler
JA'AFAR ibni Abdul Rahman (since 26 April 1989);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Dr. MAHATHIR bin Mohamad
(since 16 July 1981); Deputy Prime Minister Abdul GHAFAR
Baba (since 7 May 1986).
Political parties and leaders: Peninsular Malaysia--National
Front, a confederation of 14 political parties dominated
by United Malays National Organization Baru (UMNO Baru),
Mahathir bin Mohamad; Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA),
Ling Liong Sik; Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, Datuk Lim Keng
Yaik; Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), Datuk Samy Vellu;
Sabah--Berjaya Party, Datuk Haji Mohamed Noor Mansoor;
Bersatu Sabah (PBS), Joseph Pairin Kitingan; United Sabah
National Organizaton (USNO), Tun Datuk Mustapha;
Sarawak--coalition Sarawak National Front composed of the
Party Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu (PBB), Datuk Patinggi Tan
Sri Haji Abdul Taib Mahmud; Sarawak United People's Party
(SUPP), Datuk Amar Stephen Yong Kuat Tze; Sarawak National
Party (SNAP), Datuk James Wong; Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak
(PBDS), Datuk Leo Moggie; major opposition parties are Democratic
Action Party (DAP), Lim Kit Siang and Pan-Malaysian Islamic
Party (PAS), Fadzil Noor.
Suffrage: universal at age 21.
Elections: House of Representatives--last held 2-3 August
1986 (next to be held by August 1991); results--National
Front 57.4%, DAP 20.8%, PAS 15.6%, independents 3.3%, others
2.9%; note--within the National Front, UMNO got 35% and
MCA 14% of the vote; seats--(177 total) National Front 148,
DAP 24, PAS 1, independents 4; note--within the National
Front, UMNO got 83 seats and MCA 17 seats.
Communists: Peninsular Malaysia--about 1,000 armed insurgents
on Thailand side of international boundary and about 200
full time inside Malaysia surrendered on 2 December 1989;
only about 100 Communist insurgents remain in North Kalimantan
and Sabah.
Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Association of Tin Producing
Countries, CCC, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, FAO,
G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB--Islamic Development
Bank, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC,
ITC, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Albert S. TALALLA;
Chancery at 2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC
20008; telephone (202) 328-2700; there are Malaysian Consulates
General in Los Angeles and New York; US--Ambassador Paul
M. CLEVELAND; Embassy at 376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala
Lumpur (mailing address is P.O. Box No. 10035, 50700 Kuala
Lumpur); telephone [6] (03) 248-9011.
Flag: fourteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating
with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper
hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow
fourteen-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional
symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US.